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A Brief Narrative Review of Glucose 6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Children and Its Genetic Variants

Received: 28 March 2022     Accepted: 19 April 2022     Published: 10 May 2022
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Abstract

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most frequent enzyme deficiency which leading to substantial morbidity and mortality in children. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme present in cytoplasm, coded by X-linked gene. G6PD catalyzes the initial step in hexose monophosphate shunt, which is a rate limiting reaction. This shunt helps in producing NADPH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), a reducing equivalent that helps glutathione reductase to regenerate reduced glutathione (GSH). Due to its crucial role in defence against oxidizing species, it is perceived that any mutation in G6PD encoding gene can affect enzyme’s structural and functional integrity leading to malfunctioning of enzyme. G6PD deficiency is a highly prevalent genetic disorder which is transmitted as X–linked recessive pattern. Nearly 210 variants have been reported all over the world. In India, G6PD deficiency is a significant public health problem. It is an important cause for drug induced hemolysis in children. G6PD gene variants are often named as per the geographical area where they were first discovered. In India Mediterranean, Orissa, Jammu, Andhra Pradesh, Kalyan-Kerala and G6PD West Bengal are frequently seen. G6PD Mediterranean leads to severe deficiency when compared to others. Worldwide highest preponderance of g6PD deficiency is seen in African sub Saharan region and Arabian Peninsula.

Published in International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijbse.20221002.12
Page(s) 44-49
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase, G6PD Gene, Mutation, Mediterranean, X-linked

References
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  • APA Style

    Yatika Chaudhary, Rahul Bhakat, Swathi Chacham, Swati Rajput, Prashant Kumar Verma, et al. (2022). A Brief Narrative Review of Glucose 6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Children and Its Genetic Variants. International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 10(2), 44-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20221002.12

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    ACS Style

    Yatika Chaudhary; Rahul Bhakat; Swathi Chacham; Swati Rajput; Prashant Kumar Verma, et al. A Brief Narrative Review of Glucose 6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Children and Its Genetic Variants. Int. J. Biomed. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(2), 44-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbse.20221002.12

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    AMA Style

    Yatika Chaudhary, Rahul Bhakat, Swathi Chacham, Swati Rajput, Prashant Kumar Verma, et al. A Brief Narrative Review of Glucose 6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Children and Its Genetic Variants. Int J Biomed Sci Eng. 2022;10(2):44-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbse.20221002.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijbse.20221002.12,
      author = {Yatika Chaudhary and Rahul Bhakat and Swathi Chacham and Swati Rajput and Prashant Kumar Verma and Kriti Mohan and Manisha Naithani},
      title = {A Brief Narrative Review of Glucose 6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Children and Its Genetic Variants},
      journal = {International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {44-49},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijbse.20221002.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20221002.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbse.20221002.12},
      abstract = {Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most frequent enzyme deficiency which leading to substantial morbidity and mortality in children. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme present in cytoplasm, coded by X-linked gene. G6PD catalyzes the initial step in hexose monophosphate shunt, which is a rate limiting reaction. This shunt helps in producing NADPH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), a reducing equivalent that helps glutathione reductase to regenerate reduced glutathione (GSH). Due to its crucial role in defence against oxidizing species, it is perceived that any mutation in G6PD encoding gene can affect enzyme’s structural and functional integrity leading to malfunctioning of enzyme. G6PD deficiency is a highly prevalent genetic disorder which is transmitted as X–linked recessive pattern. Nearly 210 variants have been reported all over the world. In India, G6PD deficiency is a significant public health problem. It is an important cause for drug induced hemolysis in children. G6PD gene variants are often named as per the geographical area where they were first discovered. In India Mediterranean, Orissa, Jammu, Andhra Pradesh, Kalyan-Kerala and G6PD West Bengal are frequently seen. G6PD Mediterranean leads to severe deficiency when compared to others. Worldwide highest preponderance of g6PD deficiency is seen in African sub Saharan region and Arabian Peninsula.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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    T1  - A Brief Narrative Review of Glucose 6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Children and Its Genetic Variants
    AU  - Yatika Chaudhary
    AU  - Rahul Bhakat
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    JO  - International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering
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    AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most frequent enzyme deficiency which leading to substantial morbidity and mortality in children. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme present in cytoplasm, coded by X-linked gene. G6PD catalyzes the initial step in hexose monophosphate shunt, which is a rate limiting reaction. This shunt helps in producing NADPH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), a reducing equivalent that helps glutathione reductase to regenerate reduced glutathione (GSH). Due to its crucial role in defence against oxidizing species, it is perceived that any mutation in G6PD encoding gene can affect enzyme’s structural and functional integrity leading to malfunctioning of enzyme. G6PD deficiency is a highly prevalent genetic disorder which is transmitted as X–linked recessive pattern. Nearly 210 variants have been reported all over the world. In India, G6PD deficiency is a significant public health problem. It is an important cause for drug induced hemolysis in children. G6PD gene variants are often named as per the geographical area where they were first discovered. In India Mediterranean, Orissa, Jammu, Andhra Pradesh, Kalyan-Kerala and G6PD West Bengal are frequently seen. G6PD Mediterranean leads to severe deficiency when compared to others. Worldwide highest preponderance of g6PD deficiency is seen in African sub Saharan region and Arabian Peninsula.
    VL  - 10
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Author Information
  • Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India

  • Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India

  • Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India

  • Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India

  • Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India

  • Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India

  • Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India

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